Media and Feminine Beauty - 1497 Words

Introduction Mass Media such as films, advertisements and magazines are the huge influence on the definition of feminine beauty. From watching movie to passing through the subway station, it is quite often to see numerous images of female faces and bodies. Women are exposed in the world where most women display in films and on subway advertising boards are striking poses with little clothes on. Moreover, every image showed is airbrushed with Photoshop. Women are exposed with images produced by the media on what is considered to be the ideal face and body. The way media portray feminine beauty today changes the publics’ standard on feminine beauty and even how females view themselves. This essay will explain the impact of media in†¦show more content†¦People do not admire beauty from sculptures and paintings only. This is a media age where visual images change in seconds. From the perspective of those popular media today, thinness has become a basic requirement, big eyes, straight nose and pointed chin are perceived as beautiful. How the media portrays feminine beauty to women 3.1 Photo retouching and hyper-reality When reading magazine, surfing the net or walking down the street, it is normal to see loads of beautiful models and actress on cover of Vogue or on billboards all over Hong Kong these days. Most of them have flawless skin, showing off their long toned legs, flat tummy and body with no cellulite. It is understandable that they suppose to look good as they pose for magazine or advertise for slimming centre, but somehow they all seem too perfect to be real. Most photos on display are absolutely flawless, those girls do not even have pores or a single wrinkle. Even the model herself confused by the outcome, Doutzen Kroes who works as a model for Victoria’s Secret once put it to Stuff magazine, Sometimes its a struggle to keep up with my own photos, where the lighting is perfect, the makeup is done and the images have been retouched. Thats not what I see when I look in the mirror! So, it turned out all is not as it seems, every image is not technically real as it has been retouche d. GraphicShow MoreRelatedEssay on Feminists, Stereotypes and Stereotyping in the Media1330 Words   |  6 PagesFeminists and Media Stereotypes      Ã‚   The media portrays feminists in unflattering ways. Largely because of the media portrayal, the word feminist usually evokes images of crass, butch, men-hating, very masculine women. Many women believe in the feminist doctrine, but they would never consider themselves as a feminist because they cannot relate to the images of crass, butch, men-hating, masculine women.   In fact, it has only been within the past year that Ive been able to accept the factRead MoreThe Documentaries Killing Us Softly 4 Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pagesin mind, media, particularly the music video and advertisement industry, are essential parts of contemporary socialization, especially involving the perpetuation of gender roles in our culture. At a very young age, children learn, without difficulty, the differences between boys and girls, and what standards they are held to. Women are often objectified, systematically demoralized, and dehumanized in the music video industry and mainstream advertise ment. External forces, such as the media, not onlyRead MoreIdeal Body Types in Hong Kong Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Topic: What are the ideal body types for men and women in Hong Kong society? In what ways are these body types perpetuated through mass media, technology, and medicine? According to Bartky (1999), is body modification a form of self-empowerment or self-punishment? Introduction Human body is one of the elements used to assess the attractiveness of a person. Since the aesthetics theory varies in different countries and regions due to different history and cultural background, the descriptionRead MoreUniversal Authority And Traditional Sites Of Learning1331 Words   |  6 Pagesalong with its princess collection is recognized as a powerful influencer on children’s media; thus, teaching societal norms for target adolescent groups. Disney’s collection of princesses have spanned over 78 years, from the first generation Disney princess movies (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty’s Aurora) to the second generation Disney princess movies (The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Mulan, Aladdin’s Jasmine, Pocahontas) to the new era princesses (The PrincessRead MoreThe Media Image Of Women844 Words   |  4 Pages The way the media depicts women also categorizes which sports are female friendly and which are not. The more the media portrays women as delicate and skinny the more people will associate them with certain sports. Likewise for men, the more physical contact and tough a sport is then it is more associated with men. The way these sports are covered in the media, the language used when reporting it and the visual aspects of how it is displayed subconsciously causes people to assign genders to theRead MoreAnalysis Of Janine Is A Contemporary Artist With An Important Message Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagessee above on 75.6 cm x 76.2 cm paper (2006, p. 1). This thought provoking work is portraying a message about women and beauty standards. Its purpose is to create a discussion around the issue of feminine beauty ideals. Society is perpetuating unattainable feminine beauty ideals. As the book The Kaleidoscope of Gender: Prisms, Patterns, and Possibilities states, â€Å"The feminine beauty ideal (is) the socially constructed notion that physical attractiveness is one of women’s most important assets, andRead MoreThe, You Look Disgusting, A Woman Named Em Ford Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesuploaded a photo of herself bare of makeup on social media. She had no indication that this photo could possibly spark the backlash that it received. The myriad of egregious comments is what engendered her to create this video. Consequently, for Ford, this photo did not correspond with society’s views on femininity. Society tends to have dogmatic views pertaining to the prerequisite for a woman to wear makeup to be considered beautiful and feminine. In the beginning of the video Ford’s face isRead MoreEssay about Eating Disorders: A Feminist Issue1575 Words   |  7 Pageslimited... On the body of the anorexic woman such rules are grimly and deeply etched (Bordo, 171). Naomi Wolf (1991) has a similar explanation of the origin of eating disorders in her bestseller The Beauty Myth. She states: a cultural fixation on female thinness is not an obsession about female beauty but an obsession about female obedience (Wolf, 187). Women who remain thin are being obedient; it is another way for patriarchy to control women. If women cannot eat the same food as men, we cannotRead MoreThe Meaning Of Conceptualization Of Beauty1687 Words   |  7 PagesMorgan Kilmartin Fall 2016 The Meaning Of†¦ Conceptualization of Beauty The term beautiful first appears in the English language around the 14th century with the use of the word â€Å"beaute† in Middle English, derived from the Anglo-French â€Å"beau† with roots in the Latin â€Å"bellus†. The common usage of the term connotes both â€Å"having qualities of beauty† and â€Å"exciting aesthetic pleasure† (Merriam-Webster, 2016). The semantic reference to aesthetics in the term highlights the Greek and Roman influence onRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Children s Books918 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Children are highly acquiescent, and as such the media they consume is highly important in their socialization. Taking into consideration the ubiquity of media and the degree to which it is entwined in the lives of children, it is important that we be concerned with the themes presented in children’s media – including books. As noted by Taylor (2003), Children s books are an important cultural mechanism for teaching children gender roles. If children are exposed to stereotypical images

Plato s Allegory Of The Cave - 889 Words

According to Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, our ability to understand certain things comes with restrictions. Our perception is certainly one of them. How we react to situations and what we see is a topic that’s subject to many debates. On the other hand, realism works around a ‘fact only’ basis: it favors the literal truth and practicality rather than creativity. There is an evident difference between transforming reality and changing the way we perceive. When we change (or transform) reality, an action that affects many other than ourselves takes place. We change something that people already have a different viewpoint on, and would promote a larger irregularity when discussing the matter at hand. When we transform the way we perceive it, we are forcing ourselves to alter the way we see reality and try to cope with it in a different manner than before. The effectuated change will only modify our viewpoint on it without disturbing anyone else. For this reason, we can say that our beliefs, character and situation are behind the thoughts that create our reality. French philosopher Henri Bergson used to say that â€Å"The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend†, hence: our perception of reality is greatly obscured by outside forces. Our interpretations of reality are extremely complex and subject to considerable molding from outside pressures such as feelings, added knowledge or every day conversations that shine. On the contrary, the philosophy behind theShow MoreRelatedPlato s Allegory Of The Cave1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s, Allegory of the cave, a key theory I found was the importance of education. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (104) Based on my research of the republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes, ordinary mortals are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within the human body. These mortals can’t lookRead MorePlato s Allegory Of Cave1979 Words   |  8 PagesJaneva Walters December 6, 2016 Dr. T. Brady ENG 391 Plato’s Allegory of Cave The allegory of the cave is regarded as one of the most reputed and acclaimed works by the Greek philosopher Plato in modern literature as well as philosophy. First published and presented in his work known as a Republic (514a–520a), the dialogues that have been used as conversation can be regarded as fictitious as the main conversation takes place between Plato’s brother Glaucon and Socrates. First and foremost, allegoricalRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1814 Words   |  8 PagesIn Plato’s, â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, a key theory I found was the importance of gaining knowledge. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (Fiero, 104). Based on my research of the Republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes in the Allegory, ordinary mortals who are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, r epresents the psyche imprisoned within theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1379 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen in a cave? Caves are dark, cold, and often times dangerous. People who lose their source of light in a cave often face death from physical injury or hypothermia, unless otherwise rescued. The Greek philosopher Plato illustrated the difference between reality and illusion through a story about prisoners who lived their entire existence in a cave. Plato tells the â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† as a conversation between Socrates, his mentor, and Glaucon, one of Socrates’ students. Plato’s allegory of theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagescondition impressed by an image can sometimes like as a flame, spreading throughout other discourses for long after its initial kindling. Such is the case with Plato s allegory of the cave, which has for over 2,500 years inspired significant contributions to theorizations of truth. Despite t he age of Plato s work, the truth in the allegory is demonstrated by its own universality; as a formative piece of literature, the story acts as a gateway into Western discourses of truth. Truth remains an elusiveRead MorePlato s The Allegory Of The Cave1965 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper I shall argue for Socrates’ notion in the Allegory of the Cave, saying that the purpose of education is not to place knowledge to the mind where there was none, but instead to recognise the already underlying existence of such insight inside the mind, and to help divert the ones in need of teaching onto the correct path to find and retrieve such knowledge. Plato in his time was a dedicated student of Socrates, so most of Socrates â€Å"logos† and concepts heavily influenced Plato’s futureRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave910 Words   |  4 Pagesnature within them to reach their potential. Allegory is to reveal a hidden meaning, normally a moral, based on fictional stories. Plato Allegory of the Cave reminds us that the theory of Forms is real and suggests that the one with the empirical science would share his mind with the commoner in society. We must grasp the complex different types of Forms – opinion, knowledge and beauty really meant for Plato. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Plato talks about dualism, mind (soul) and body. InRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesflesh to satisfy the god (Ahmed 2010). All of these civilizations were interactive with their environment, but imagine if one knew only of the reality they believed inside of a cave not experiencing e vents within the real world. In Plato’s, Allegory of the Cave, he describes the scenario of prisoners kept isolated in a cave left to come up with a reality that they comprehended with the images that they saw in front of them. This applies especially to politics, because people are left to decipherRead MoreAnalyzing Plato s Allegory Of The Cave874 Words   |  4 PagesI’ll be analyzing Plato’s Allegory of the Cave through my own interpretation. An allegory is defined as â€Å"a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.† In Plato’s Republic the short excerpt The Allegory of the Cave can be viewed through multiple perspectives. Plato’s image of the cave is known as the â€Å"theory of forms†¦ The theory assumes the existence of a level of reality inhabited by ideal â€Å"forms† of all things and concepts (Revelations:Read MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Ess ay1842 Words   |  8 Pagesto find pieces about importance of our ego as well. Plato is one of the most important philosophers in western history. That brings us a question, why ego is such significant for both western and eastern philosophers and religious works? Sigmund Freud, who carried on Plato’s thinking on humanity and our society, pointed out what Plato has vaguely discussed about that the significance and impact the ego has on us. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, what the prisoners are actually experiencing the fight

The Vygotskian Socio Cultural Theory Education Essay Free Essays

Lev Vygotsky was a psychologist that revolutionised the universe with his theory on socio-cultural development. His theory of socio-cultural development centred on the impression that a kid learns through grownups or equals. In other words a kid ‘s cognitive development is engaged through the kid ‘s environment, this means that a kid develops through interaction with other persons. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vygotskian Socio Cultural Theory Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vygotsky ‘s theory differed from other theoreticians theories ; one of them was Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. His theory was that kids learn from the interior out, this means that a kid takes their ain cognition to the universe ( as discussed in category ) . Piaget ‘s theory focused on two constructs, one was the construct of assimilation, which is a cognitive procedure whereby new experiences and information are placed in the cognitive construction of the kid. The other construct is adjustment ; this is a cognitive procedure which refers to the ensuing Reconstruction that takes topographic point when new information is taken in. Vygotsky on the other manus believe that a kid ‘s acquisition takes topographic point from the exterior in, which merely means that a kid ‘s environment determines what s/he learns. In Vygotsky ‘s socio-cultural acquisition theory one must familiarize oneself with the constructs before we can get down to hold on the thought of theory and utilize it right. The most of import characteristic to hold on is the zone of proximal development. The zone of proximal development is defined as the difference between what a scholar can make without aid and what he or she can make with aid ( Wikipedia ; the zone of proximal development ) . In footings of one ‘s apprehension, the ZPD is the distance between the existent development degree of a kid as determined by independent job resolution and the degree of possible development of a kid as determined through job work outing through equal or grownup interaction. The existent development of a kid is the maps that have already matured and the scholar understands. The possible degree of development is the maps still in ripening, the apprehension has non developed. The ZPD allows scholars to intercede through societal interaction. ( Maths method: 1 ; Goba, B ) Vygotsky believed in three of import facets that form his theory, this is the societal context, linguistic communication and mediation. These three facets are of import in the sense that ; the societal context is the context in which scholars are coming signifier. So they may come into the universe with some sort of cognition already instilled in them, this cognition may non needfully be right. Some scholar ‘s societal context may implement some sort of racism this may do the kid racialist. In other words kids gain their cognition through societal contexts, from birth the kid ‘s societal interaction depicts the sort of cognition s/he will convey to society. Because the environment is of all time altering, cognition is of all time altering. So cognition is ne’er inactive. The following facet is linguistic communication being the frontal line for the footing of this theory. If a scholar can non understand linguistic communication be it mathematical, mark or the linguistic communication medium, the scholars knowledge can non turn and spread out because of a barrier with does non allow the development of the scholars cognitive construction. Language is a manner to pass on, and if linguistic communication is non understood than the communicating nexus is broken. And the last facet is the function of mediation. In order for effectual communicating to take topographic point at that place must be some signifier of mediation to help the communicating. This is where the ZPD comes into drama. The scholar may non understand a peculiar construct by manner of mediation, something or person that aids the apprehension so the kid goes from what they do n’t understand to what they can hold on. Harmonizing to Vygotsky, â€Å" Every map in the kid ‘s cultural development appears twice: first, on the societal degree, and subsequently, on the single degree ; foremost, between people ( interpsychological ) and so inside the kid ( intrapsychological ) . This applies every bit to voluntary attending, to logical memory, and to the formation of constructs. All the higher maps originate as existent relationships between persons. â€Å" The socio cultural theory is so defined as a theory of larning that looks at the part society as made in an person ‘s development ( psycology.about.com ) . It does non merely concentrate on the scholar as an person but as the scholar and cultural context on a whole. Vygotsky explained this theory in footings of linguistic communication. He argued that societal interaction signifiers this new larning through the ZPD where scholars gain new linguistic communication through societal interaction. It outlines of a linguistic communication as uniting both the traditional behavioral and lingual place of linguistic communication. This theory of linguistic communication can propose that the function of the environment can bring forth differences in understanding. The socio-cultural theory was adopted by Jerome Bruner and made westernized, now it ‘s used all over the universe. Case survey: My name is Triona Pillay and I ‘m 19 old ages old. I live in an Indian township. This twelvemonth I did my instruction pattern 220 at an Indian school which many non American indians besides attend. After learning pattern 120 and all the different facets we covered with the fluctuations of school types we could travel to, I thought I ‘d be good equipped to manage any schoolroom state of affairs with the manner in which learning pattern 120 had instructed us to. However the schoolroom situations we encountered was different to the 1s we were told to conceive of. Traveling into Teach at a school where the medium of linguistic communication is English was what I perceive to be easy because that my place linguistic communication and that ‘s the linguistic communication that scholars should be familiar with. But that was merely the beginning of my job during my instruction pattern. Bing a mathematics pedagogue was more hard as scholars could n’t hold on specific c onstructs. My first error was that scholars had prior knowledge to the subjects being taught, in the instance of my class: 10 category, the subject was analytical geometry. They did n’t understand that when a negative is squared the figure because positive. The scholars taught prep was a gag and category clip was for socializing. And so I had the instructor ‘s position who said that the scholars know the work and they complain for nil that they do n’t understand. Society has deemed that it ‘s by and large that black scholars that do n’t understand English and wo n’t be able to understand what is being asked, but in this school the Indian scholars got confused with the English. Simple operations like 3x=9, hence ten =3 the scholars did n’t understand how the reply 3 is obtained. Another thing that I found dismaying was that the schoolrooms were obviously n simple with no existent postings to do the schoolroom a topographic point where scholars want to come. All in all my instruction pattern was a existent experience on how scholars and grownups and their environment act upon their behavior and public presentation. Something that I found rather absorbing was during a staff meeting and they were discoursing why a peculiar scholar behaves so horrid at school and one of the suggestions was because of the manner his male parent treats him. Apparently the male parent really hit the kid in forepart of the instructor and walked off and a twosome of other times the male parent sent the kid with burst lips. This is non the lone ground I believed for the jobs I ‘ve encountered. I believed at that school it ‘s a popularity competition were everyone w ants to suit in so the brilliant people stick to the smart people and the blue 1s maintain to their kin. And one time you come to rate: 8 u get initiated into one of those tonss. This is my personal positions on the state of affairss that occurred during my instruction pattern and some of the grounds why I believe the state of affairss occurred. Problem work outing utilizing Vygotskian socio-cultural theory: The major job I identified during learning pattern was the deficiency of both mathematical linguistic communication and cognition and the ability of the scholar to show their thoughts or sentiments in category due to the linguistic communication barrier of practical English words. First I ‘d wish to indicate out that job can non be solved over dark. It requires gradual input from both the instructors and the scholars. My first program of action in my category is to promote reading in my category. Possibly I can propose that the school put in topographic point 30 proceedingss of readings in the forenoon. The section of instruction does direct schools educational newspapers that they can give to scholars to read. The more the scholars read the more the scholars build up their vocabulary. My co-workers and I can present 10 new, interesting and exciting words that the scholars can utilize during the hebdomad, at school to replace the mundane words that they use all the clip. Using Vygotsky ‘s rules will take some patients from both the scholars and the instructors particularly for instructors who have been learning for 20 plus old ages, many people are non subjected to alter. The following measure as a maths instructor is to construct on anterior mathematical cognition and actuate the scholars, so that if they understand the rudimentss the remainder will follow. I could besides promote the scholars with higher Markss to assist those who are missing behind. We can besides hold excess categories during the interruption to heighten their mathematics accomplishments. This is a great thought as scholars can remain out of problem and acquire work done. The scholars need proper staging and we as instructors need to supply the necessary counsel. Vygotsky introduced that a kid learns through his or her environment so if the kid is taught in an environment conducive to larning the kid may bask coming to that schoolroom and larn something. I could propose to scholars that they join equals who traveling to better their instead than act upon them negatively. The following thought is a slippery one because from the clip I was in school I noticed instructors who tried to make out to scholars whose environment at place is unstable, changeable down by parents who think they know it all and believe that the instructor is interfering and should mind their ain concern. To hold a parent meeting is sometimes ineffectual because the good scholars parents merely end up coming and the parents you need to see do n’t. Harmonizing to Vygotsky in a schoolroom state of affairs we the instructors are the go-between, we should hence be care how we give off information because scholars are immature and can sometimes misinterpret what we say. So when instruction, as a hereafter instructor I need to do certain I ‘m clear and precise. Concepts need to be to the point and one should non crush around the shrub. I could besides present the construct of motive in my category. If I aid the scholars in their acquisition and even in their efforts in larning I will be able to take them from the known to the unknown. Using motive scholars will desire to â€Å" seek † and work harder and by this get a better usage of both the medium of linguistic communication and the mathematical linguistic communication as a whole. The schoolroom environment is another are that I can promote scholars development. If I make the schoolroom environment a merriment manner to larn and scholars wo n’t acquire laughed at and hit down for seeking. Children learn from their errors so if I encourage them and they give the incorrect reply and we correct it, they wo n’t bury. In decision my belief is that Lev Vygotsky was a psychologist whose theory greatly influenced the universe. His socio-cultural theory if understood decently can help both instructors and scholars efficaciously to accomplish top consequences. I besides believe that parents should seek their best to give their kids the best societal contexts and maintain them off from negative influences. As a hereafter instructor I ‘ve learnt a batch from Vygotsky ‘s theory and will utilize this theory productively when I start learning. How to cite The Vygotskian Socio Cultural Theory Education Essay, Essay examples

Woolworths Supermarket in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp

Question: Discuss about the your experience with Woolworths Supermarket. Answer: Introduction This essay highlights my experience with Woolworths Supermarket in Australia which is considered as second largest company in Australia in terms of revenue (Woolworths Supermarkets 2018). I have often purchase things from Woolworths and have both good and bad experience with their products and services. However, I will discuss about two products that that are Woolworths fruits--vegetables and Woolworths health drink products with which I have experienced bad and good experience. The poor and good experience will be illustrated by Proto-persona diagram followed by two most significant points during the process supported by two key Customer Experience Management concepts. I will also compare and contrast the two experiences to explain the difference in two experiences which is followed by an overall conclusion for the discussion. Discussion Proto-persona diagram for poor experience The image illustrate that the pain points are the packaging of the fruits that are pre-matured. Moreover, when a customer desire to buy products from online portal, it is difficult to identify the combination of the fruits and the quality of the products from the items displayed on the website. I have also faced the problem in improper staff assistance when need help as they do not have proper information. Thus, I have opted for shopping personally rather than shopping from online. Even though I have to shop from online, I consider all the users comments and feedback prior making any order. I have also decided to raise complaints to the organization and give them suggestions on improving their service transparency and service improvement. Image 1: Proto-persona diagram illustrating component with poor experience (Source: Created by Author) Two most significant pain points during the process along with concept of CEM The two major pain points that I have highlighted through the process are- packaging of pre-mature fruits that they offer to customer at lower rates and inability to identify the fruits combination when I have opted for mixed fruits options. The first concept of customer experience management (CEM) that I want to discuss is customer centricity. Lemon and Verhoef (2016) stated that a company should have to place customer needs, wants and expectations in the top priority. Woolworths is best known for the materials that are used on the daily basis. They claim that they contact local farmers for getting the fresh materials but in reality they do not keep their words and they offer less cost due to their poor quality and premature fruits and vegetables. The second concept that I want to discuss here is customer convenience. According to this concept, Bilgihan et al. (2016) depicted that user should feel easy to use the things and get the quality products. If problem occur, the staffs should give assistance to the customer. This is the thing I do not like in Woolworth as they breach their words and also have poor customer service providers. Proto-persona diagram for good experience Image 2: Proto-persona diagram illustrating component with good experience (Source: Created by Author) The image represented above highlighted that the good experience comes from the quality of the products and get proper things available. My experience with the health drink purchase from Woolworths is good I always get recently bottled items with proper sealed products. Moreover, even if I opt for online shopping to purchase health drinks, I get correct information in the website and get fast delivery. Though I prefer to shop directly from shop and consider users feedbacks through different social media. However, I have planned for two goals that are asking for the organization to formulate more flavors in drink section and decided to chose Woolworths whether I need to shop for health drinks. Two most significant pain points during the process along with concept of CEM The two major points through which I can say that I always have the good experience while purchasing health drinks from Woolworths are the composition of the drink is clearly mentioned and all the products are bottled recently. One of the CEM concepts that is customer life cycle comprises of several stages. These stages comprised of reaching to the target audience, acquisition, conversion, retention and offering loyalty (Irvine et al., 2015). In case of Woolworths health drinks products, I felt that they formulate products aims to target people with all ages as they use quality ingredients to manufacture these drinks. They have also produced a huge range along with describing the benefits of these drinks. I have also felt that Woolworth in this case, established a good reputation with their users and in terms of retention, Woolworths also opted for taking valuable suggestion from their employees, I want to mention that since people do not feel any problem in finding drinks, they do not need any assistance and even any user do I always found a staff to instruct theme properly. The second concept of CEM that I want to share is making the experience pleasurable. I have never faced problem in selecting the desi re health drink that I want to buy, there is always stock of these drinks and all of them are recently bottled and in a good position in the shelves. Starting from the stack appearance, behavior of the staffs to the final packaging in the time of delivery, I enjoy their services. Compare and contrast of the two experiences The two products that I have selected are from same organization. It is however outrageous to say people have two different perception regarding two different things that is served by a single company. In case of fruits and vegetable they have not kept their promises and do not mention the combination of fruits if anyone order mixed fruits from online. This resulted in delivery of a combination that user might not like. However, in case, the user wan further assistance regarding the products, they do not help the customers. This will hamper the brand reputation. On the other hand, in terms of health drinks or any other drinks, they have transparent information given on the website through which the user can easily make the purchase that they want to buy. The user can assist themselves as all the information is clearly mention. Moreover, in both cases, the behavior of the staffs is difference. When a user ask question about the fruits and vegetables, the staffs are unable to help them; while the same thing does not happen when a user ask information about health drinks. I think this is because the staffs also lack knowledge of all the products on a same scale. Conclusion I have selected two products that are Woolworths fresh fruits and vegetables and the other is Woolworths health drinks. I have face poor services for fruits and vegetables. The poor experience is due to fact that I have receives a combination of fruits that I do not like. The information is also not present on the website. Moreover, in case of health drinks my experience is different as I always found transparent services from the same organization. All the information is cleanly mentioned and even the staffs are aware of these health drink items. Reference List and Bibliography Allwood, A. (2015).Customer Experience is the Brand: Getting in the Game. BookBaby. Bilgihan, A., Kandampully, J., Zhang, T. (2016). Towards a unified customer experience in online shopping environments: Antecedents and outcomes.International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences,8(1), 102-119. Doherty, E., Carcary, M., Conway, G., Crowley, C. (2017, September). Customer Experience Management (CXM)Development of a Conceptual Model for the Digital Organization. InECISM 2017 11th European Conference on Information Systems Management(p. 103). Academic Conferences and publishing limited. Fatma, S. (2014). Antecedents and consequences of customer experience management-a literature review and research agenda.International Journal of Business and Commerce,3(6), 32-49. Homburg, C., Jozi?, D., Kuehnl, C. (2017). Customer experience management: toward implementing an evolving marketing concept.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(3), 377-401. Irvine, P. J., Park, S. S., Y?ld?zhan, . (2015). Customer-base concentration, profitability, and the relationship life cycle.The Accounting Review,91(3), 883-906. Lemon, K. N., Verhoef, P. C. (2016). Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey.Journal of Marketing,80(6), 69-96. Woolworths Supermarkets - Woolworths Group. (2018).Woolworthsgroup.com.au. Retrieved 20 March 2018, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-brands/supermarkets/Woolworths.

Sport and Society

Table of Contents Race Fan Identification Gender References Race There is undoubtedly a wide gap between white people and black people involvement in certain games or sports. As evident by recent study conducted by the U.S. swimming Association, nearly 31 per cent of white children between the ages of 6 and 16 cannot swim, in comparison to 60 per cent of African-American children who cannot swim (Baker, Cunningham Zhang 2010). Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Sport and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most studies havefound that African-American athletics are more physically suited than white-American athletics in sports or activities that required power and speed (Dawkins 2004). On the other hand, white-American athletics have been found to perform better in short distance races as compared to African-American athletics. Additionally, most African-Americans participate in basketball and football b ecause these sports are seen to have most opportunities for athletics to excel in life (Dawkins 2004). As evident in a study conducted in 1999 by the University of Arizona, the finding of the study shows that stereotype about racial inferiority and superiority in certain sports or games have been so entrenched in people’s minds that they have an effect not only which games or sports people participate in but also their performance in those games or sports (Baker, Cunningham Zhang 2010). Fan Identification Study on sport fans has confirmed a positive relationship between self esteem and fan identification. There are interesting aspects on the level of degree of affiliation and involvement with sport team among the fans (Kennedy 2010). Study suggests that fans are involved with their favorite team in many ways, including displaying bumper stickers on their vehicles, wearing team apparel, and celebratory behaviors that range from utterly destructive to fairly passive (e.g. ch eering). Some fans have low level of involvement with their teams, while others have been found to have psychological attachment to their favorite teams or sports (Jeh 2010). There are many reasons why fans decide to be identified with a particular sport or team. In fact the level of attachment to a particular team or sport range from extremely strong to quite weak. As evident is a study which identified why fans identify themselves with a particular sport or team. The results showed a number of reasons, including talent of the team player, parental interest in a team or sport, success of the team, geography and the influence of peers or friends (Jeh 2010).Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gender Most sports are associated with men (or masculinity). In many societies, some sports have been considered inappropriate for women to participate in, and women who participate in these sports are perceived to be ‘tomboy’ or masculine (Guest Cox 2009). In contrast, men who do not support or participate in certain sports may be labeled as weak or ‘unmanly’ (Hyatt 2007). Both men and women tend to participate in different types of sports or physical activity and their attitudes toward certain games or sports may be different. Some sports or games have many barriers that prevent women to participate in them (Hyatt 2007), such as lack of appropriate sport facilities and safety, technical support, and lack of skills resources about specific sports. Furthermore, most women (specifically mothers) are faced with additional physical barriers or constraints that including lack of childcare facilities, and lack of time. Sometimes women are exposed to verbal sexual harassment and/or physical harassment as well as other dangers due to their participation in games or sports programs, because of time of day and location (Kennedy 2010). Lastly, lack of a female role model in certain sports such as women coaches or leaders may have a negative impact in women who want to participate in certain sports (Guest Cox 2009). References Baker III, T. A., Cunningham, D. P., Zhang, J. J. (2010). An examination of immunity statutes regarding the liability of recreational youth sport organizations for the pedophilic actions of coaches, administrators, and officials. Journal of Research, 5(1), 54-59. Dawkins, M. P. (2004). Race relations and the sport of golf: The African-American golf legacy. The Western Journal of Black Studies, 28(1), 327-331. Guest, A. M., Cox, S. (2009). Using Athletes as role models? Conceptual and Empirical Perspectives from a sample of elite women soccer players. International Journal of Sports Science Coaching, 4(4), 567-581. Hyatt, C. G. (2007). Who do I root for now? The impact of franchise relocation on the loyal fans left behind: A case study of Hartford Whalers fans. Journal of Sport Behavior, 30(1), 36-56.Adv ertising We will write a custom report sample on Sport and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jeh, M. (2010). To be or not to be: Expectations of elite sports leaders as role models. Active Healthy Magazine, 17(1), 19-20. Kennedy, C. L. (2010). A new frontier for women’s sports (beyond Title IX). Gender Issues, 27, 78-90. This report on Sport and Society was written and submitted by user Gabriela A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday morning Essays

Saturday morning Essays Saturday morning Essay Saturday morning Essay On a ordinary Saturday morning, Megan, a 18-year old well know actress, ordered two of her maids to clean up her mostly empty 30 million dollar house. During her free time, which is everyday from 12 am to 12 pm, she mopes around her home feeling restless. She decides to go shopping one day. She asks her driver if he could exchange the one-week old car with something bigger and more grandiose. The driver answers in an upsetting voice, but we just got this new lime a week ago. Megan replies, what ever, just get me a new car and I will double your salary.Plus, this limo is so small that I could barely fit all my clothes that I have just gotten. Megan goes in a boutique in Beverly Hills. After looking through a row of clothes which she had similar to, picks up a white cashmere coat and sees the red tag that read 50% off the original price, $4999.99. Megan exclaims, I dont want this anymore, it is on sale. Now that I think about it, I saw another person wearing the same thing just yesterd ay when I was shopping at this other place. It would totally ruin my reputation. Back at home, her husband, who is 38 years old, asks her if they could get a new house.Megan replies, fine, as long as it is not over $20 million. After a gruesome day of shopping, Megan asks the cook if he could make something delicious for her. He says, how about some Chicken of the Sea with some nice greens and bread. Megan exclaims, I didnt know that chickens swim in the sea. The cook signs and says no, Chicken of the Sea is a brand of tuna. Megan says, Oh, well, as long as it has zero carbs, it is fine with me because I cant afford to put on another half a pound or else I wont be able to fit into the lovely and pricy clothes that I bought today. Movie stars these days considers being thin while wearing the best and most fashionable clothes are two of the most important things in the world. Even at 57 and 90 pounds, she still thinks she is the fattest person in the world.One morning, Megan yells, AH HHHHHH, I have a gigantic pimple on my face, how can I go shopping today? The pimple is so small that one might not even notice it with a high tech microscope. Megan says, I cant go out looking like this. Just as she is about to put about 3 inches of foundation to cover the barely noticeable dot up, the phone rings. On the phone is a famous TV Show host and he exclaims, Hi Megan, we would like to have a 10 minute interview with you regarding your career. Megan ecstatically responds, Great, is the interview going to air on some national TV and am I going to get a lot of money for this, may be $150 million.

Research Paper, Finance and Accounting Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

, Finance and Accounting - Research Paper Example Research Paper, Finance and Accounting Hence having an accounting background opens the door to a wide range of career opportunities. Accounting has always been considered as the language and basic tool of business and it is concerned with determining how a business is doing and what the bottom line of the business is. The demand for accountant has been growing and it is outstripping supply. There are a lot of field where accounting can be done like tax, managerial, audit, forensic, governmental, consulting etc. This paper will discuss about the pros and cons of each of the above field of accounting and arrive at the most important one among them which is more relevant today. Managerial accounting is referred to as management accounting and is defined as the internal business building role of finance and accounting professionals who designs, implement and manage internal systems that supports effective decisions and support, plan and control, the value creation operation of an organization. In other words, managerial accounting supports the decision making process through planning and controlling operations. Managerial accounting emphasizes on future event of a company and hence is often considered to be forward looking and uses past result as the basis for estimating future results. It increases the efficiency of a company as everything is done in management accounting in a scientific way of evaluation and compares the performance of the company.

Write a Critical Review paper on Students with disabilities enrolled Research

Write a Critical Review on Students with disabilities enrolled at educational institutions at all levels - Research Paper Example On top of that, the lawsuit also alleged that the state of New Jersey had violated its constitutional obligation to oversee the implementation of IDEA requirements at the grassroots; in defense, the state of New Jersey filed a motion to dismiss citing a constitutional challenge to the implementation of the IDEA. According to the state of New Jersey, it was immune to private lawsuits regarding enforcement of the IDEA under the provisions of the Eleventh Amendment but the section of parents were not convinced by this argument. In their earnest search for justice, the section went ahead to seek intervention in defending the constitutionality of IDEA, which was eventually granted to them; in their battle to defend the constitutionality of IDEA, the section fronted two strong arguments as the foundation of their case. In their first argument, the section proposed that the state of New Jersey had accepted the federal IDEA funds that were meant to meet the cost of educating students with disabilities consequently agreeing to act in accordance with the IDEA by relinquishing its sovereign immunity. In the second argument, the section contended that following the enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress had in fact genuinely repealed the state sovereign immunity, which the New Jersey was still claiming to have in its argument for a dismissal motion. In accordance with the Rules 12(b) (1) and (b)(6), of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the NJDOE and the State officials filed a motion of dismissal of the complaint by arguing that they were immune to the suit under the provisions of the Eleventh Amendment. They also held that the plaintiff’s complaint should be dismissed for failure to exhaust administrative remedies and that given the state’s sovereign immunity, it was wrong for an injunctive relief to be entered against it, particularly because it was not the right subject of an order for the provision of free and appropriate public

Love how auditing can ensure a good relationship between principle and Research Paper

Love how auditing can ensure a good relationship between principle and agents - Research Paper Example Audits enhance economic prosperity, expands the variety, number and the value of transactions that people are prepared to enter into. In recent years, however, in the light of corporate scandals, auditors are witnessing demands to improve audit quality, globally. The UK is seeing changes to promote greater transparency, but there are demands to further improve the system. The question is to how and to what extent this issue can be addressed (Bohren, Oyvind, 1998).   In order to understand all the outstanding queries, it is inevitable to have an understanding what audit means to all the parties involved in the dealings. We must ask ourselves as to what the sole purpose of an independent audit is and what are the elements that enclose the role of audit? The main reasons in the conflicts between the principles and the agents are, the principles lack trust in their agents because the information and motives are different of both parties, principles, whether rightly or wrongly, they think that the information that is being passed on by their agents is not accurate, and there is no uniformity of motives between the both parties. It is important to understand how this essential tool of audit has been developed over a period encompassing hundreds of years; it is important to understand its purpose and how useful it has become. In the domain of economy, the audits of financial data is publicly available nowadays, many factors and interests come into pla y. In this situation, a simple audit is not likely to be able to answer every question but it surely starts things up. Agency Theory defined the perception of connection for agreements which may reduce the conflicts between resources holders. Principle is the regulatory and the authoritative body to handle one or more agents at a time. The concept of Agency Theory come into being in early 70s, however it has the long diverse history

Air Lift Fermenter

Air Lift Fermenter Summary : Fermentation is a process involve microbial cells to breakdown or catabolise the organic compounds into smaller molecules. Fermentation is performed under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The end products of fermentation are our daily products such as alcohol, vitamins, enzymes rennets, antibiotics such as penicillin and lactic acid. In the fermentation process, it is very crucial to maintain optimum mixing and aeration in the reaction. Optimum mixing is to ensure best amount of products conversion as well as to avoid wastage of biomass and substrate. Whereas, aeration is the oxygen transfer rate, also the rate-limiting step in the aerobic bioprocess which is very crucial in design, operation and scale-up of bioreactors. Mixing and aeration in the fermenter is carried out by air-lift or mechanical agitators. Air-lift fermenter uses air injected from the bottom of its draft-tube, while mechanical type uses motor driven shaft agitator. Both of the air-lift and mechanical agitator are d iffer in mixing, aeration, biological efficiency, energy consumption, operation and construction, application and cost. Different types of fermentation biomass and substrates characteristic is the factor to determine types of air-lift or mechanical agitators to be used. Introduction : Advances of biotechnology today has been making use of microbiology in different perceptions of the natural processes to produce our daily products such as cheese, antibiotics, alcohols, biofuel, hormones, microbial enzymes such as rennets and vitamins. The process employed to produce these products is known as fermentation, in which catabolism of organic compound take place. The breakdown of the organic compounds is performed by microorganisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to yield end-products that are our daily products as mentioned (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). In the process of fermentation, the microbial cells obtain energy through glycolysis to break down the complex organic compounds to simpler molecules. Usually, the by product of the process is excreted by the cell in the form of acetone, lactic acid and alcohol. In the history of fermentation, in year 1680 Antony van Leeuwenhoek was the first biologist discover the process through fermenting beer under observation with microscope (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Later, in the 19th century, Louise Pasteur discovered and understood the process of fermenting alcohol by using yeast to convert sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxides(Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Besides, in 1929 Alexander Fleming discovered the production of antibiotics Penicillin to fight against bacteria infection (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Since then, various antibiotics are produced by fermentation using various bacteria and fungi. There are several factors to be taken into accounts as designing the fermenters such as scale-up issues, fermenter types, impeller types, immobilised systems, peripheral equipment and fermenter measurements. Impeller plays a vital role in mixing during fermentation because it maintains optimum substrate and biomass concentration in the fermenter throughout the whole process. It also keeps the solids suspended, disperse oxygen to keep maximum total bubble surface area and entrap air bubbles to avoid the air escape before all the oxygen is dissolved (Freitas C. et al. 2000). Fundamentally, there are 2 apparatus used for mixing which are the mechanical agitators and the air-lift fermenters. Air-lift fermenters are sometimes known as the bubble column, can be divided into free rise, draft tube, propeller-assisted and pumped liquid jet-assisted. Air-lift fermenter Air-lift fermenter is an efficient contactor for the reactions involved gases, liquids and solids. There are two types of air-lift fermenters which are the internal loop and the external loop. The internal loop has a draft tube in its inner tube, in which the up-flowing gasses liquid and the down-flowing liquid is separated by the draft tube. Draft tubes are used in some processes to promote better mass transfer, mixing and inducing circulatory motion to reduce bubble coalescence. The external loop has two streams flow in two separate pipes connected at top and bottom. In this way, the air-lift fermenters improve the circulation and oxygen transfer and equalize shear forces in the reactor. Both of the internal and external loop air-lift fermenters have been investigated to the hydrodynamic behaviour and other design factors (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). The figure below shows the structure of an air-lift bioreactor with an internal loop. Unlike the mechanical agitation system, air-lift fermenters do not have motor, shaft and impeller blades. As such, the mixture inside the fermenters is agitated by injecting air from the bottom of the tube. Sterile atmospheric air is injected into the fermenters if the microorganism is aerobic, while for the anaerobic microorganism is fed with inert gas (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Mixing in air-lift fermenters is very gentle hence it is suitable for batch culture of shear sensitive cells and tissues such as the mammalian and plant cells (European patent application 2009). Likewise, high shearing stress causes damage to cells could be avoided. Batch culture of plant and animal cells can be cost intensive. However, in cases where the demand for the plant or animals culture products is low and batch cycles are long, the high capital cost can exclude the economical production (European patent application 2009). One of the application of air-lift fermenters is the large scale producti on of monoclonal antibodies (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Mechanical Agitators Stirred tank fermenters are most commonly used in fermentation. It is a cylindrical vessel with an agitator driven by motor to stir the mixture contents in the tank. There two types of agitator used which are the top-entry stirrer and the bottom entry stirrer. The top entry stirrer is more commonly used because the operation is easier to manage, more reliable and robust, whereas the bottom entry model is rarely to be used. The bench scale fermenters are usually made of borosilicate glass with a stainless steel lid. In the laboratory, top-entry stirrer is used, which consist of a motor attached to the shaft and together with impellers (Bloch H.P. and Soares C. 2007). The criterias of manufacturing the fermenters are the high grade of stainless steel, a well-polished internal surface to prevent adhesion of contents to the fermenters walls, and contain smooth joints and free of pin holes to avoid de-mixing. The typical volume of the fermenter used in the laboratory is range from 1 to 10 0 litres (Bloch H.P. and Soares C. 2007). The figure below is the basic structure of a stirred tank fermenter. There are several categories of mechanical mixing equipment, the types of mechanical drivers require to accommodate speed, shaft and power; the kinds of impellers used for specific process, the needs to seal the tanks to against high pressure caused by the processes and stabilization of the impellers devices and the steady bearings in the tank (Bloch H.P. and Soares C. 2007). The main purpose of the mechanical agitator is to provide homogenous mixing, provide aeration and removal of waste gaseous such as carbon dioxide produced during the fermentation process. Usually, the agitator is consisted of motor driven shaft with impellers of 4 to 6 blades. Several types of impellers are more commonly used which are Rushton blade or disc turbine, open turbine impellers and marine impellers. Among the three, Rushton turbine is most commonly used because its design is more simple, easy operation methods and its robustness (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). Figure 3 and 4 illustrate the structure of Ruston turbine and marine impeller. However, mixing in the fermenter is poor and energy intensive as scaling up the process. The problem caused will affect the concentration, reaction rate and heat removal. Therefore, baffles will be used in the fermentation process to prevent energy waste in bulk circulation and to introduce liquid slurry turbulence in order to ensure better mixing, better suspension of solids and better retention of air bubbles. The baffles are fixed on the wall of the fermenters. Both of the action of agitators and baffle produce axial and radial flow patterns in the mixing contents and prevent formation of vortex (Fermentation, Chapter 1 2009). This article is not included in your organizations subscription. However, you may be able to access this article under your organizations agreement with Elsevier. Compare and contrast the relative merits of air-lift and mechanical agitator Air-lift and mechanical agitator are widely employed in chemical and bioprocessing reaction as the efficient machine for mass and heat transfer. Both of the fermenters are applied in different types of mixture nature. For instance, air-lift fermenter has gentle agitation and low cost oxygen transfer, hence it is only suitable for less viscous liquid. Whereas, mechanical agitator fermenter perform poorly in highly viscous non-Newtonian media, not aerated at high rate and has relatively poor mixing pattern as compare to the air-lift fermenter. However, the mechanical fermenter has broader range of application as compared to the air-lift fermenter (Abashar M. E. E. 2002). Biological efficiency In terms of biological efficiency, the mechanical type of fermenter is more efficient as compare to the air-lift fermenter. However, due to the simplicity operation of air-lift fermenter, it is useful in the laboratory teaching and research. In a laboratory experiment, air-lift fermenter has successfully produce antibiotics, enzymes, microbial cells and vitamins for microbial analysis (AIR-LIFT LABORATORY FERMENTOR 2009). Operation and construction The operation of the air-lift fermenter is much simple and easier than the mechanical agitator fermenter. This is illustrated by the control of temperature in the air-lift fermenter, in which the temperature is readily controlled in an incubator or by attaching a heating tape externally to adjust to higher temperature. The construction of air-lift fermenter also more simpler as compared to the mechanical agitator fermenter, as such air-lift fermenter is applicable to continuous and semicontinuous fermentation. The effect of various gas mixture on microbial growth can be readily studied by the air-lift fermenter because the propagation of obligate thermophilic bacteria at 55 C has been successful (AIR-LIFT LABORATORY FERMENTOR 2009). Mixing and aeration In comparison of mixing in highly viscous non-Newtonian media, the conventional mechanical agitator performs relatively poorer than the air-lift fermenter. Also, conventional agitator has lower aeration rate due to its impeller flooding. Chisti Y. Jauregui-Haza U.J. (2002) had find out a better solution to overcome the limitation by creating mechanically stirred hybrid airlift bioreactor. This hybrid airlift bioreactor had one or more downward pumping axial flow impeller located at the bottom of the reactor. It able to overcome the limitation of both the mechanical and airlift reactor by providing confined annular zone with better aeration system. It also manages to improve the directional and fluid circulation for the suspending solids and minimize concentration gradients between nutrients and oxygen to the substrate (Chisti Y. Jauregui-Haza U.J. 2002). In the other case, mechanical agitator, the marine propeller is installed at the bottom of the draft-tube, to carry out a fermentation of highly viscous non-Newtonian media with Saccharopolyspora erythraea broth. The results show that the yield of antibiotic erythromycin was increased by 45% compared to the air-lift configuration or conventional mechanical agitator fermenter alone. In another study, highly viscous broth of mircrofungus N. sitophila was fermented in the airlift fermenter with low-shear axial flow impeller. The end result obtained from hybrid reactor shown that it is more effective as compared to the conventional Rushton turbine-stirred fermenter (Chisti Y. Jauregui-Haza U.J. 2002). In short, installation of mechanical agitator such as marine propeller or impeller in the draft-tube of air-lift fermenter can significantly improve the fluid circulation and hence increase viscous aerobic fermentation. Energy consumption Energy consumption of an operation system is the major constitute of the capital cost in one production. Generally, the energy consumption of air-lift fermenter is relatively lower than the mechanical agitator fermenter. In a production of a single cell protein, a low pressure air-lift fermenter was designed to reduce the energy usage. The fermenter broth was kept below 120cm in depth and air is injected to supply the oxygen, also to cool and agitate the broth. In this way, the low pressure air-lift fermenter reduces the energy consumption by producing 1 kWh/kg of protein, which could save 70% of energy as compared to mechanical agitator. Hence, it eliminates the investment of mechanical agitators, air compressors and heat exchangers (Chen N. Y., Kondis E. F., Srinivasan S. 1986). In contrast to mechanical agitator fermenter, air-lift fermenter has higher efficiency in mass transfer at the same power input. This is because air-lift fermenter is not using mechanical agitation, which in turn makes mass transfer perform faster (Chen N. Y., Kondis E. F., Srinivasan S. 1986). The application prove mechanical agitator has lower mass transfer is the performance of Rushton turbine impeller which involve high cells densities to support oxygen transfer rate and also the highly viscous broth cause turbulence and result in the poor mass transfer. However, air-lift fermenter with the draft tube manages to give better mixing and fluid circulation result in better mass transfer efficiency (Boodhoo K. 2006). An example of mechanical agitator, submerged agitating system is used in gas-liquid mixture. The mechanically rotational agitator is used to intensify the turbulent mixture between gas and liquid. In this system, pressurized gas is injected through the spargers to the agitating area, in the form of bigger bubbles which then broken into smaller bubbles by the mechanical agitators mixing power. However, the efficiency of the power consumption is generally greater in the mechanical agitator. Nonetheless, mechanical agitator also increase the residence time of the bubble and caused efficient gas-liquid mass transfer. However, the relative complication of the mechanical agitator has counterbalance the energy efficiency. Mechanical system complications includes driving motors, gear reducers, submerged agitators, long shaft and the expensive gas compression system (Chen N. Y., Kondis E. F., Srinivasan S. 1986). Cost Capital cost is the main factor to be considered in the industrial fermentation process. Fermenter cooling, mass transport between nutrients and microorganism and oxygen transfer are the main factors in affecting the design of the fermenter. The high demand of substrate to the oxygen amount increase the energy cost and caused significant increase in the production cost. Due to the simplicity operation in air-lift fermenter, it is generally lower in cost than the mechanical agitator fermenter (AIR-LIFT LABORATORY FERMENTOR 2009). This is because mechanical system involves extensive pipe lines, diffusers, distribution manifolds, expensive compressor and filtration system. As a result, it caused high power cost and capital costs. Moreover, the frequent plugging of the diffusers make the maintenance for the mechanical system is very troublesome particularly in the reaction involve solids such as aerobic wastewater treatment and industrial fermentation (AIR-LIFT LABORATORY FERMENTOR 2009) . Conclusion Both of the air-lift fermenter and mechanical agitator is used in the fermenter tube to aid in mixing and aeration. Mixing is very important to ensure optimum homogenous mixture of substrate and biomass throughout the entire process. Air-lift fermenter is suitable to plant and mammalian cells fermentation due to its low shear rate, protect cells from damage. The application of air-lift fermentation is the production of monoclonal antibodies. Whereas, mechanical agitator is more vigorous compare to air-lift fermenter, hence it is not suitable for fermentation involve plant and animal cells. The examples of the mechanical agitators are Rushton blade or disc turbine, open turbine impellers and marine impellers. In the above, comparisons was made between both of the air-lift and mechanical agitator in terms of biological efficiency, operation and construction, mixing and aeration, energy consumption and cost. Mechanical agitator has better biological efficiency than the air-lift fermente r, but air-lift fermenter has better mass transfer rate at the same power input. The operation and construction of air-lift fermenter is less complex than mechanical agitator. Likewise, energy consumption is relatively lower in air-lift fermenter. Nonetheless, both of the fermenters agitator types have its pros and cons. Choice of fermenter types is depend on the fermenter substrates and biomass biological nature. References : Abashar M. E. E. (2002) Influence of Hydrodynamic Flow Regimes on the Prediction of Gas Hold-up and Liquid Circulationin Airlift Reactors. Journal of King Saud University 16 (2) : 97-111. AIR-LIFT LABORATORY FERMENTOR (2009) [Online] Available from : http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/4/1/31.pdf [Acccessed 21st Dec 2009] Bloch H.P. and Soares C. (2007) Mixers and Agitators. Process Plant Machinery 2nd edition. Page 617-631. Boodhoo K. (2006) Intensification of gas-liquid mass transfer using porous impellers for application to an E.coli batch fermentation process. Chen N. Y., Kondis E. F., Srinivasan S. (1986) Low-Pressure Airlift Fermenter for Single Cell Protein Production: I. Design and Oxygen Transfer Studies. [Online] Available from : http://people.clarkson.edu/class/ch465/Airlift%20fermenter%201986.pdf [Acccessed 21st Dec 2009] Chisti Y. Jauregui-Haza U.J. (2002) Oxygen transfer and mixing in mechanically agitated airlift bioreactors. Journal of biochemical engineering 10 (2): 143-153. European patent application (2009) [Online] Available from : http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP0343885.pdf [Acccessed 21st Dec 2009] Fermentation, Chapter 1 (2009) [Online] Available from : http://www.coe.uga.edu/ttie/documents/biotech.pdf [Acccessed 21st Dec 2009] Freitas C., Fialov M., Zahradnik J. Teixeira J. A. (2000) Hydrodynamics of a three-phase external-loop airlift bioreactor. Journal of Chemical Engineering Science 55 (21) 4961-4972.

Balance and Tragedy in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Feminism Literar

Mohandas K. Gandhi once proclaimed, â€Å"There is no occasion for women to consider themselves subordinate or inferior to men† (Gandhi n.p.). Women all throughout the world have been forced to endure innumerable hardships and struggles. Merely accepting women as a rightful component of society and a necessary aspect of culture has taken countless numbers of years. And to this day, unfortunately, gender equality has yet to become a reality for many. Certain judgments and stereotypes have been placed onto women from the very beginning of time. The belief that the female gender should only be seen in society as homemakers is something that is widely accepted by people in a multitude of countries and places. Despite the setbacks, various women have felt the need to fight for their rights and prove that they are an extremely crucial part of all societies. In the nineteenth century, the Cult of Domesticity, also known as the Cult of True Womanhood, was founded. It created s pecific rules that women in the United States and Great Britain were expected to follow. How well one obeyed the rules of the Cult of Domesticity dictated her reputation among fellow citizens (â€Å"From Domestic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  n.p.). The strict guidelines often had negative effects on individuals and prevented them from acting in an honest manner. In Othello, Shakespeare created the character of Emilia to perfectly represent the struggles women faced with fitting into their roles in society. The few female characters in the play were all shown in very different lights in order to demonstrate the varying types of women that could be seen in a normal society during that time. In William Shakespeare’s work Othello, Emilia’s imbalance of logic and emotion, a result of the pressur... ...ose to a balance, the chain reaction of events that led to the ultimate tragedy could not have been halted. If Emilia had come to her final realization earlier, could the tragedy have been stopped? Possibly, but it is impossible to know for sure. Even though it occurred, Emilia did, however, in the final moments of her life, speak with purpose and honesty. Her courage to stand up for her beliefs represents one of the most important themes in Othello and has made a truly lasting impact. Works Cited â€Å"From Domestic Goddesses to Suffragists: The Story of Women Told on Bookbindings, 1820-1920.† Publishers’ Bindings Online. U of Alabama, n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2010. . Gandhi, Mohandas K. â€Å"Woman’s Status and Role in Society.† Mahatma Gandhi. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Nov. 2010. .

Hamlet and the Man in the Iron Mask Essay

The Man in the Iron Mask, by Alexandre Dumas, and Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, both follow similar plot lines and relate to each other through their themes. Shakespeare and Dumas both discuss themes of family, justice and judgement, lies and deceit, loyalty and the consequences of revenge. These major themes blend seamlessly in the stories of Shakespeare’s Hamlet and The Man in the Iron Mask. The themes are consistent throughout the play and the book, ultimately addressing the search for truth and justice in each of the protagonist’s situations. Although a number of similarities exist between the two stories, they approach the subject of loyalty differently. What Shakespeare and Dumas have discussed in their stories demonstrates a similar challenge, the search for the truth behind the lies. Hamlet and Philippe suffer mentally as they consider the consequences of their actions and inaction. As other characters become tied to their reactions, they too pay a price for their involvement. First, in both books there are themes about the consequences of revenge. The main theme is that revenge leads to destruction instead of solving the problem, ultimately escalating the primary problem further. Both forms show justice and judgement in the revenge displayed towards the kings. In the play of Hamlet, the main character is confronted with the ghost of his father who reveals that his death was not an accident but a murder. As Hamlet takes revenge, other people become involved and a cycle of revenge for death takes place. In order to accomplish what he knows as justice, Hamlet uses sound judgement as he takes revenge, both physically and emotionally, on those around him. In the Man in the Iron Mask, the musketeers want to take their own revenge on the king for the lack of food for the starving people in the village and his cruelty in general toward his people. Vengeance in this book turns into a cycle as the three musketeers take revenge on the king; the king later takes revenge onto his people. The son of the recently deceased king is known to us as a young man named Hamlet. The truth of the death of his father becomes known to Hamlet when his father’s ghost appears to him, explaining that he was murdered with poison at the hand of his own brother, Hamlets uncle. This method of death by poisoning foreshadows the death of the main characters later in the play. Prince Hamlet then devotes himself to avenging his father’s death, but delays the physical death of his uncle in order to torture him psychologically. The people involved enter into a deep melancholy and madness as Hamlet lets go of his closest relationships, judging family and friends for their disrespect toward his dead father. Hamlet psychologically tortures his uncle by arranging for a play named â€Å"Mouse Trap. † Hamlet plans it so that it parallels his father’s death, in an effort to witness Claudius’, Hamlet’s uncle’s, reaction. Claudius goes through physiological distress as he begins to wonder if Hamlet knows the truth behind the death of his father. Claudius then runs out of the theatre in order to pray for forgiveness. Hamlet follows and begins to draw his sword as this becomes the ideal moment to enact justice onto his uncle. However, Hamlet takes notice that Claudius killed his father while his father’s sins were unforgiven. King Hamlet had no time to repent due to the fact of his murder and was left to the divine to judge him. Hamlet decided to kill Claudius another time, perhaps when the king is drunk, angry or in the middle of an immoral act. This way, there would be no uncertainty about whether Claudius would go to Hell or not. Hamlet admires his father to the extent that he is determined not only to kill Claudius but also to make him suffer the wrath and judgement, sending him to a similar afterlife in Hell. (Shakespeare pg. 85 Act III, Scene 3). As Hamlet goes to his mother in anger, he is determined to inflict pain on her emotionally, using his own judgement again to enact justice. â€Å"Nay, but to live in the rank sweat of an enseamed bed, Stewed in corruption, honeying and making love Over the nasty sty. † (Shakespeare pg. 89. Act III, Scene 4). As the queen cries out for help, Hamlet accidentally kills Polonius, Claudius’ adviser, as he thrashes his sword into the curtain in hopes that it is Claudius. This causes Ophelia, Polonius’ daughter, great distress as she quickly becomes psychologically distressed and senseless. â€Å"And will ‘a not come again? And will ‘a not come again? No, no he is dead, Go to thy deathbed, He never will come again. † (Shakespeare pg. 109. Act IV, Scene 5). In this state of mind, she dances to the river and falls in, drowning to her death. Laertes, Ophelia’s brother and Polonius’ son, arrives from his travels. He is enraged and takes revenge for the death in his family. King Claudius takes this opportunity to turn Laertes against Hamlet as he devises a plan with Laertes so that they both can take their revenge on him. Again poison is used for the death. Poison is placed in a cup of water that is offered to Hamlet during a sword fight. Furthermore, Laertes places poison on his sword before the duel. This scheme radically backfires on the King as his new wife, Gertrude, drinks out of the cup, and Laertes and Hamlet get stabbed with the poison. In the end Claudius is forced by Hamlet to drink the poison and all four major characters die to poison. Shakespeare pg. 140 Act X, Scene 2). Fortunately, before his death, Hamlet was finally successful in his revenge as the details surrounding the death of Hamlet’s father become revealed to the crowd of people watching the dual. Therefore, by taking revenge, it leads the avengers to their own destruction as they took justice and judgement into their own hands and accomplished what they had promised. In The Man in the Iron Mask the theme on the consequences of revenge in justice and judgement are similar to that in Hamlet, as it begins a cycle of death. In this novel, justice is whatever King Louis XIV says it is. This explains how the system of government worked in France during the 16th and 17th century. At the beginning of the novel, Paris is starving but King Louis XIV is more interested in economic gain and seducing women. Madame de la Valliere becomes the woman after whom the king is lusting and sends Raoul, her finance to war. As Raoul begins to become depressed from his broken heart, he is sent off to battle. According to the king’s orders, he is sent to the front lines and all men are to abandon him. Raoul inevitably dies in battle. When Athos, Raoul’s father, hears about the death of his son, he becomes enraged at the king. Athos forcefully criticized the King for his behaviour regarding La Valliere and the death of his son. Aramis, Athos and Porthos band together with a plan to replace the king (Alexandre Dumas, chapter 10. pg. 79). This plan involves the replacement of King Louis XIV with his twin brother. The three musketeers free the imprisoned Philippe who has been behind prison doors for six years and placed in an iron mask. In the end, all three musketeers die and Philippe is placed back in prison hidden, forever beneath the mask of iron. Although all of the characters in the novel seek out revenge, their efforts fall short of being truly successful. The Man in the Iron Mask and Hamlet show the consequences of revenge depicted in each of the characters’ struggles to take justice into their own hands. Their revenge ultimately results in a cycle of death. The main difference between the play Hamlet and the novel The Man in the Iron Mask is the theme of loyalty. In the play, loyalty remains consistent as Hamlet is loyal to his father and his vengeance. However, in The Man in the Iron Mask, loyalties are continually being changed as the characters are pitted against each other. The characters in the novel are expected to always be loyal to King Louis XIV; however, this requirement in the king’s subjects conflicts with loyalties between friends, family, and the self-interest of the musketeers. This main theme demonstrates that the search for the revelation of truth comes at the price of either breaking loyalties or staying true to loyalties, and facing death in the process. In Hamlet, there are several different characters that portray loyalty continuously throughout the novel. The main character, Hamlet, shows his loyalty to his father, growing angry at the fact that he was murdered by his uncle. When his father asks Hamlet to take revenge on Claudius, Hamlet becomes enraged and his willingness to take revenge becomes revealed. â€Å"Ghost: Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. Hamlet: Murder? Ghost: Murder most foul, as in the best it is But this most foul strange and unnatural. Hamlet: Haste me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift, As meditation or the thoughts of love, May sweep to my revenge. † (Shakespeare pg. 29 Act I, Scene 5). Hamlet stays loyal to his father’s memory through the whole novel, seeking revenge on Claudius until he is able to kill him, accomplishing this task as he dies alongside Claudius. Loyalty is also shown by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, courtiers and former friends of Hamlet from Wittenberg. They are summoned by the new king, Claudius, to discover the cause of Hamlet’s strange, negative and morbid behaviour. Their loyalty to the king causes them to lose Hamlet’s friendship and respect. As Hamlet discovers this, he arranges their death, making them pay for their betrayal to him with their lives. Loyalty is also shown in Act I, when Horatio, Marcellus and Bernardo reveal to Hamlet what they see of ghost of his father. They also swear to keep silent about the event, which remains kept secret throughout the novel. Again, Horatio shows loyalty to Hamlet as he watches the reaction of the king during the play â€Å"Mouse Trap† performed by the players. He later tells Hamlet about the facial reactions of the king as he watched the performer kill the fake king, revealing his guilt in the murder of Hamlet’s father. However, in The Man in the Iron Mask, loyalties change continuously, most notably demonstrated in the ending of the famous friendship of the three musketeers. The broken loyalties within the kingdom break the trust of all characters through scandals and lies. For xample, the queen gives her loyalty to Philippe but sacrifices Philippe for her political stability. Also, Aramis demonstrates betrayal in his disloyalty to the new prince Philippe. At the beginning of the novel, Aramis praises Philippe through his love, respect and service; however, he leaves Philippe to fend for himself without a backward glance. Aramis chooses his career advancement over his friendships and loyal ties. This is revealed to us by his treatment of Porthos and Philippe, when he suggests Porthos be killed to preserve the secret of Philippe. Another example of disloyalty is when Aramis, one of the main three musketeers shows true and loyal feelings to Philippe, but chooses political stability gain over faithfulness to Philippe. â€Å"A friend’s word is the truth itself. If I think of touching, even with one finger, the son of Anne of Austria, the true King of this realm of France; if I have not the firm intention of prostrating myself before his throne; if, according to my wishes, to-morrow here at Vaux will not be the most glorious day my King ever enjoyed, – may Heaven’s lightning blast me where I stand! Aramis had pronounced these words with his face turned towards the alcove of his bedroom, where d’Artagnan, seated with his back towards the alcove, could not suspect that any one was lying concealed. The earnestness of his words, the studied slowness with which he pronounced them, the solemnity of his oath, gave the Musketeer the most complete satisfaction. (Alexandre Dumas, chapter 14. pg . 104) Later on in the novel it is clear that Aramis no longer feels any real loyalty to Prince Philippe. â€Å"Warn the Prince, and then- do what? Take him with me? Carry this accusing witness about with me everywhere? War, too, would follow,- civil war, implacable in its nature! And without any resource- alas, it is impossible! What will he do without me? Without me he will be utterly destroyed! Yet who knows? let destiny be fulfilled! Condemned he was, let him remain so, then! (Dumas, chapter 21 pg. 231) By the end of the novel, King Louis XIV has obtained absolute power, where his word is law, accepting no disagreement to what he says. Aramis desires to have influence and power alongside of King Louis XIV. Soldier, priest, and diplomat; gallant, greedy, and cunning; Aramis took the good things in this life as steppingstones to rise to bad ones. Generous in mind, if not noble in heart, he never did ill but for the sake of shining a little more brilliantly. † (Alexandre Dumas chapter 6. pg. 34). In order to live and have power, loyalty needed to be kept to the king. Philippe’s friends chose loyalty to Philippe; and they were killed as a result. In the end, after the death of his friends, Aramis retreats to a Spanish estate in his glorious riches. The Queen, however, wants the kingdom to succeed and she sees that the only way to do so is to listen to the people. The people beg for food and help from the king. However, King Louis XIV shows no compassion towards his people and is only interested in personal pleasure. For the sake of the country, Anne of Austria, the Queen and mother of Philippe, chooses to help her son, but as her power begins to decline she sacrifices Philippe for her political stability. In Hamlet and The Man in the Iron Mask loyalty is portrayed differently. Both stories show that being loyal exacts a high price. The death of all those who are loyal in these stories is an example of the high price that must be paid. In Hamlet, loyalty is continuous throughout the play, but in The Man in the Iron Mask, there is no loyalty when power begins to corrupt the characters. Therefore, all these examples show that the portrayals of the themes of loyalty in Hamlet and The Man in the Iron Mask are very different. In Hamlet, the truth is found through the loyal bonds of Horatio as he tells the story of the death of the true king. In The Man in the Iron Mask the truth of Philippe is revealed to the kingdom through the courageous acts of the three musketeers.

Statistical Significance and Homemade Shampoo

A Study on Gugo and Okra as Homemade Shampoo A Research Done by: Francine Faye A. Jumaquio Majaline Faye A. Tolentino Romer T. Nepumoceno Talavera National High School Talavera Nueva Ecija A Study on Gugo and Okra as a Homemade Shampoo Claudine M. Lajara I-Rosal Introduction This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a homemade shampoo out of the native Gugo, scientific name Entada phaseuoliodes and Okra, scientific name Abelomoschus Esculentus L. in making different type of hair stronger. Four phases were done: Phase 1, the control treatment; Phase 2, homemade shampoo compared to control treatment; Phase 3, homemade shampoo compared to varied concentration of gugo and okra; and Phase 4, where the acceptability of the homemade shampoo was determine in terms of smoothness, softness, and manageability. Statement of the Problem: Specifically, the researchers aimed to answer the following questions: 1. Can gugo and okra be used as raw material in making shampoo? 2. How effective are gugo and okra on the tensile strength of the hair? 3. Which treatment is more effective – treatments with greater concentration of okra han gugo or more gugo than okra? Procedure A. Preparation of Materials About 10,000 hair strands were gathered from four respondents having different types of hair, (normal, and dry, ethnic, curly). In each type of hair, 2020 strands were used: 240 strands for water, okra, 10 percent gugo, and 100 percent gugo; 240 strands for seven brands of shampoo; 12 0 strands for gugo and okra; and 600 strands for 10 treatments with varied concentration of okra and gugo. Five hundred grams of gugo bark were boiled in 70 ml of water for 30 minutes, and strained to extract the juice. The decoction was placed in a clean bottle. To prepare okra decoction, 200 grams of okra fruits were boiled in 200 ml tap water for10 minutes. The cooked okra was masked for extraction and decoction was strained for the preparation of solution. The homemade shampoo was prepared from 50 ml gugo decoction and 50 ml okra decoction. A 58ml coconut oil was added to the mixture and placed in an earthen pot. It was heated for 5 minutes and placed in a clean bottle. The homemade shampoo was then prepared into two setups: setup A and setup B. The treatment involves four type of hair (normal, dry, ethnic, curly). Setup A Treatment |Gugo (ml) |Okra (ml) | |1 |50 |50 | |2 |40 |60 | |3 |30 |70 | |4 |20 |80 | |5 |10 |90 | Setup B Treatment |Gugo (ml) |Okra (ml) | |1 |50 |50 | |2 |60 |40 | |3 |70 |30 | |4 |80 |20 | |5 |90 |10 | B. Soaking Process and Determination of the Hair Strength In phase 1, four treatments were prepared: †¢ Treatment 1: water, †¢ Treatment 2: Okra , †¢ Treatment 3: 10 percent gugo, †¢ Treatment 4: 100 percent gugo. These are the control treatments. Six bowls were prepared and labeled as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minute, respectively. Sixty strands of normal hair were used and divided into 10 strands. The hair strands were simultaneously soaked in the respective bowls with 100 ml tap water and were removed when the time allotted for each bowl had elapsed. Then they were rinsed separately. They were placed in clean sheets of paper labeled according to the length of time they were soaked, (such as T1- water: 5 minutes; T2 – water: 10 minutes; and so on). The bowl used from the first treatment was washed thoroughly and were used again for the other treatments. The process was repeated for treatments 2, 3, 4. To determine the strength of the hair strands, a spring scale was used and five trials were done. From the 10 strands of normal hair, 5 strands from Treatment were tested. The hair strands were tied up to the spring scale at one end. A 15 cm length of the hair strands were maintained between the spring scale and the weight. The weight was pull until the hair snaps. The amount of force in Newton (I Newton = 100 grams) registered on the spring scale prior to the breaking of the hair was recorded and the average result from the five trial was computed. The process was repeated for treatments 2, 3, 4. Also the same process was done for ethnic, dry, and curly hair. In the second phase, 480 strands from four hair types were used. Out 480 strands, 120 strands of the hair were prepared for trial 1 and trial 2, using the homemade shampoo (gugo and okra). The same procedure ion phase 1 was done for these treatments. In the third phase, 2,400 strands of hair were prepared from the four types of hair. Out of 2,400 strands, 1,200 strands were used in setup A and another 1,200 in set up B. Each set up has 5 treatments and 60 hair strands were divided into ten, and each 10 were soaked separately in six bowls labeled 5, 10, 15, 22, 25, and 3 minutes, respectively. The same procedure from the previous phases was done to determine the hair strength. In the 4th phase, 20 female respondents, who had normal and dry hair were asked to apply Treatment 1 in setup A: 10 percent gugo + 90 percent okra. Most of their hairs were equal in length. The respondents treated their hair one by one. They wet their hair first and 20ml of this treatment was applied to the entire crown and was massaged on the scalp. After 1 min. , the hair was rinsed thoroughly with tap water. A clean towel was used to dry and comb their hair slowly. After 1 hour, the effect on the hair was observed using 1 to 4 scales. The following scales were used: |A. Softness |B. Smoothness |C. Manageability | |1 – slightly soft |1 – slightly smooth |1 – slightly manageable | |2 – fairly soft |2 – fairly smooth |2 – fairly manageable | |3 – soft |3 – smooth |3 – manageable | |4 – very soft |4 – very smooth |4 – very manageable | After having applied and observed the effects of treatment 1; treatments with 90% gugo + 10 % okra were used by the same respondents with the same procedure as of Set up A. Results, Discussion and Conclusion Phase 1: Significant comparison on the hair strength among the control treatments: There was no significant difference on the hair strength, considering the different types of hair. However, the longer the longer the time each type of hair was soaked, the greater the hair strength. Among the four treatments in this phase, the hair strength when soaked in 10 %gugo, were the strongest while water was the weakest. Phase 2: Significant comparison between homemade shampoo and control treatment: Normal hair was significantly strongest compared to curly, dry and ethnic. Among the control treatment, hair strength was the strongest when soaked in treatment three: 10% gugo. Treatment 1: water was registered the weakest. It was also observed that as the soaking time increased, the hair strength also increased. Phase 3: Significant comparison among homemade shampoo, control treatment, Setup A and Setup B: Normal hair was significantly stronger, curly hair was the weakest, while dry and ethnic hair were almost comparable to each other. 10% gugo registered the strongest hair strength, followed by okra, then okra and gugo. Together, these three treatments were significantly different from all other treatment. The longer the soaking time, the stronger the hair strength. Phase 4: Acceptability of treatments. For normal hair, the two treatments showed no significant differences in terms of smoothness, softness and manageability. The 90% gugo+ 10%okra treatment was fairly manageable and the 10% gugo + 90% okra treatment was manageable. For dry hair, the two treatments showed no significant difference in terms of smoothness, softness. But there was a significant difference of manageability at 0. 5 probability level. Recommendations Based on the findings, the researcher recommends the following: 1. Use okra as raw material for making shampoo; 2. Further study of the properties of the homemade shampoo to establish the effect on hair; 3. Follow-up research must be conducted on the acceptability for other types of hair; 4. This research would provide information to those who are interested in the production of this product. Bibliography Jumaquio, Francine Faye A. , et. al. , â€Å"A Feasibility Study of Gugo and Okra as Homemade Shampoo†.

Compare And Contrast Medical And Psychological Models For Understanding And Intervening In Children’s Development.

Compare And Contrast Medical And Psychological Models For Understanding And Intervening In Children’s Development. Medical and psychological models of children's development have tended to follow two discrete paths. The medical model tends to assume a line of pathology that seeks causation and remediation. Psychological models tend to embrace a developmental approach, in which social and cultural norms play an equal, if not larger part, in pursuing the interests of the child. This essay seeks to compare the two models, using Down's Syndrome and autism as the main vehicles for analysis and discussion and to contrast how the two approaches attempt to address children's development.One fundamental difference in the medical and psychological approaches has been in the use of terminology. The medical model seeks to diagnose a patient with a disease or symptoms that requires treatment. It often uses terms that label the child in ways that seek to categorise the child, as if, ownership of a disorder were solely attributable to the individual.Boy with Down Syndrome using cordless drill to ass...This cont rasts with most recent psychological approaches that conceptualise the child, as a member of a wider social group who has certain needs, that with intervention will attempt to enable him or her to live as normal a life as possible. It is implicit in this approach that whilst the child may have a disability, the "‹ÂÅ"problem', belongs within society. (It is probably fair to say that this is, albeit to a much lesser extent today, still aspirational) It could be argued that in both models a "‹ÂÅ"problem' exists, in some cases, because there are wider cultural expectations that require individuals to behave and conform in certain ways to defined developmental milestones. Thus, there is an (unwitting) attempt to homogenise individuals within social norms.With Down's Syndrome it is now clearly understood as a congenital condition. Although there are several variations of the syndrome, by far the most common are...

China Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

China - Term Paper Example They participate actively in productive activities in the country. The infants and elderly contribute little to the national basket and are deemed as the dependant people. China will look upon the working people in order to maintain their well-being of infants and the elderly. China is experiencing a demographic pattern that is uncharacteristic of other developed countries. Unlike other countries, China’s population growth is hard to forecast. The population of the younger people is decreasing as the population of the older people increases; that is as a result of decreased mortality and fertility rates. The rate at which the community is giving birth is decreasing, this means that fewer and fewer number of infants are brought into the community. China’s average fertility rate is minimal as compared to other countries like the United States. China was able to reduce the child-bearing rate per couple from five to two children in only 25 years of campaign; that is equivalent of a third the time taken by developed western countries (Louis and Denise, 45). In the same manner, the mortality rates have greatly decreased in China meaning that the number of elderly people in the country is rising. In the past, the life  expectancy of people in Chi na was as low as forty years (Jerry and Yudelson 77). It had one of the highest mortality rates, but today the situation has improved. Within a period of fifty years the life expectancy now stands at seventy years. Western countries were able to improve their life expectancy within the same margins in a period of hundred years. From the foregoing facts and figures, it is evident that China is undergoing aging process more quickly than other developed countries (Louis and Denise, 23). The economic impacts of an aging population are detrimental. The future projection of the existing population in the year 2030 will mainly be consisting of the aged people. Typically, the elderly people are less productive for